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The Shangpa Kagyu (, "Oral Tradition of the man from Shang") is known as the "secret lineage" of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and differs in origin from the better known Dagpo schools. The Dagpo Kagyu are the lineage of Tilopa through his student Naropa (often traced through Naropa's famous student Marpa Lotsawa and thus called "Marpa Kagyu") while the Shangpa lineage descends from Tilopa's student Niguma, who was Naropa's sister,〔(Niguma Story )〕 as well as from the teachings of Sukhasiddhi. Its founder was Khyungpo Nenjor, the student of both women, whose monastery in the Shang Valley gave its name to the tradition. The principal Shangpa dharmapala is the six-armed Mahākāla. The Shangpa tradition was revitalized in the 20th century by the first Kalu Rinpoche, who had many students both in Tibet and in the West. ==Origins== The Shangpa Kagyu lineage was founded by the 11th-century Tibetan scholar Khyungpo Nenjor.〔(khyung po rnal 'byor ( b. 978/990 d. 1127 ) )〕 Seeking to increase his understanding of the teachings he received in Tibet, he traveled to India, where he met the female mystic yogini Niguma.〔(ni gu ma ( b. 10th cent. ) )〕 (Vajradhara Niguma is the full Tibetan name of the Indian yogini Vimalashri.〔(Niguma @khandro.net )〕 He received many teachings from her; in particular, the teachings of a special tradition of Mahamudra and the Six Yogas of Niguma, which are similar but not identical to the Six Yogas of Naropa Khyungpo Nenjor was a Tibetan yogi and Bonpo and her most famous disciple. He was the only one to whom she imparted her most secret teachings.〔(Druk Gawa Khilwa Abbey )〕 He also met and studied with Sukhasiddhi,〔(Indian Teacher - Sukhasiddhi )〕 another female mystic and student of Virupa, as well as Vajra-asana, Maitripa, Rahula, and others. Thang Tong Gyalpo 〔(TBRC P2778 )〕 was another famous yogi instructed by Niguma. He started his own religious tradition () within the Shangpa Kagyu lineage. On his return to Tibet, Khyungpo Naljor established a monastery at Shang in Tsang. This was his main seat, and he became known as the Lama of Shang. Although he was reputed to have founded hundreds of monasteries and had thousands of students, he passed the teachings of Niguma to only one of his students, Mochok Rinchen Tsondru. The Shangpa lineage is often referred to as the "secret lineage" because Niguma instructed Khyungpo Naljor to transmit the teachings to only one student for the first seven generations beginning with Vajradhara and Niguma. From Mochok Rinchen Tsondru, the lineage was passed to Kyergang Chokyi Senge, Nyenton Rigung Chokyi Sherab, and Songjay Tenpa Tsondru Senge. These first seven teachings are known as the Seven Great Jewels of the Shangpa tradition. Songjay Tenpa was the first teacher who gave these instructions to more than one of his disciples, and from this point on, several different lines of transmission developed. The intention for keeping the lineage secret in this fashion was to protect it from becoming an established monastic tradition. As one of the more esoteric traditions, it was meant to be practiced rather than codified. Although the Shangpa teachings were highly regarded and were assimilated by many schools, the tradition itself ceased to exist as an independent school with the dissolution of the Jonangpas in the 17th century. However, its teachings were still practiced and transmitted. In the 19th century Jamgon Kongtrul gathered together the surviving transmissions and ensured their continued survival by including them in his Treasury of Key Instructions. The lineage transmission has also been incorporated into the Sakya school and other Kagyu schools. Je Tsongkhapa, who founded the Gelug school, was also versed in the doctrine of the Shangpa Kagyu. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shangpa Kagyu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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